Room D076, Shop 101, No. 14, Longdong Trade Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China
TBG-KV2-STR-001MFAR Kuda Villingili (KV2) — Kaafu Atoll, Maldives
Rev 01 · 07 September 2026

Structural & Masonry Materials

Substructure and piling, corrosion, deck platform, frame, masonry, ground works, RC materials, roof, pools and walkway.

← All schedules Download .xlsx to quote Rate and quantity cells are left blank for you to complete in the workbook.
D / FIRM — confirmed by the issued drawings A / PROV — assumed design intent, absent from the package ALT — a priced alternative to the row above, not an addition Not scheduled — cannot be priced until the consultant issues it Blank — for you to fill in
PackageElementMaterialStatusSpecification / basisUnitApplies toWhy this specification, in a Maldives marine environmentQtySupplier / originUnit rateAmountLead time
1. SUBSTRUCTURE & PILING
Substructure & pilingBase foundation optionPrestressed high-strength spun concrete piles, PHCAA: Initially investigate 300-400 mm OD. Commercial examples: 300 × 60 mm wall, 400 × 80 mm wall, Grade 80 concrete cube strength; 6/9/12 m supply lengths. Prestress class and bending capacity by design.mWaterFactory concrete quality and rapid installation reduce wet work and exposed structural steel over the lagoon.
Substructure & pilingSteel-pile alternativeStructural steel tubular pilesALTALT: Preliminary enquiry range 219-406 mm OD × 8-16 mm nominal wall, S355 assumed; certified piling tube, engineered shoes, splices and head connection.mWaterHigh strength and convenient splicing; wall thickness must retain adequate capacity after the corrosion allowance.
Substructure & pilingScrew-pile alternativeSteel helical pilesALTALT: Supplier enquiry range approximately 114-219 mm shaft OD, 8-12 mm shaft wall, 250-450 mm helices; proprietary torque-rated system.mWater, especially walkwayLow vibration can help, but shallow rock, coral rubble, lateral loads and corrosion can remove the apparent advantage.
Substructure & pilingBored-pile alternativeCased bored RC piles or grouted micropilesALTALT: Approximately 300-600 mm bored RC, or 200-300 mm drilled/grouted micropiles; reinforcement, casing and rock socket designed separately.mWater; Beach if requiredProvides a route through hard crust and variable strata; requires controlled drilling, spoil capture and underwater concreting.
Substructure & piling
Substructure & pilingPile-head connectionReinforced core plug, dowels and structural groutAA: Manufacturer-compatible pile-head detail; C40/50 infill or specified structural grout, with developed reinforcement into headstock.noWaterTransfers compression, uplift and lateral actions; placing a beam on a hollow pile rim is insufficient.
Substructure & pilingPile caps/headstocksReinforced concreteAA: C40/50 marine concrete; preliminary headstock envelope 300-450 mm wide × 450-750 mm deep. Actual arrangement and reinforcement unresolved.m3WaterConnects piles and provides robust beam bearings with fewer exposed steel connections.
Substructure & pilingBearing and levelling interfacesStructural grout and elastomeric bearing padsAA: Non-shrink grout, typically 50-70 MPa at 28 days; bearing pads sized for load, movement and rotation.noWaterAccommodates erection tolerances without improvised steel packing exposed to saltwater.
Substructure & pilingLocal scour protectionApproved graded rock or engineered mattress over filter geotextileALTALT: Only where the scour assessment and environmental approval require it; extent and grading unestablished.m3WaterPrevents loss of support around foundations without automatically covering lagoon habitat.
Substructure & pilingPool foundation/supportAdditional piles, RC beams or engineered support frameDD: Pools identified; A10 area unresolved. A: Dedicated support arrangement, no pile count assigned.m3Water; foundations for Beach poolsConcentrated water loads and low shell soffits must enter the foundation directly.
Substructure & pilingWalkway foundationsPHC piles or selected marine foundation systemDD: A12 walkway. A: A11 access provision; preliminary 250-400 mm PHC family, subject to design.mA12; A11 assumedContinuous access requires marine foundations with lateral and uplift capacity.
Substructure & pilingWalkway headstocksPrecast/cast-in-situ RCAA: C40/50; supports, dimensions and pile spacing unresolved.m3A12; A11 assumedDurable bearings for replaceable deck framing.
2. CORROSION & DURABILITY
Corrosion & durabilityExposed atmospheric steelHot-dip galvanizing plus paint: duplex coatingAA: Galvanize after fabrication to ISO 1461; approximately 85 um average zinc for steel thicker than 6 mm, with the applicable thickness schedule for thinner steel; compatible epoxy/PU overcoat system, provisionally 250-350 um organic DFT.m2All where steel selectedAdds a barrier over zinc in aggressive salt-laden air; surface preparation and compatibility matter.
Corrosion & durabilitySteel in splash/tidal zoneQualified immersion/splash coatingAA: Sa 2½ preparation; qualified epoxy system around 600-1000 um DFT, including stripe coats and holiday testing. A glass-flake polyester system may instead require 1200-1400 um.m2Water steel alternativesRepeated wetting, oxygen and abrasion demand more than ordinary atmospheric paint.
Corrosion & durabilitySteel corrosion allowanceAdditional steel wall thicknessAA: Determine by zone, design life, coating maintenance and internal exposure. Price alternative tube walls; no universal "2 mm allowance" adopted.tWater steel alternativesRemaining wall thickness, including local attack, governs end-of-life capacity.
Corrosion & durabilitySubmerged steel protectionAluminium-zinc-indium or zinc sacrificial anodes, bonds and test pointsAA: Specialist cathodic-protection design; anode mass and number calculated from exposed area, coating breakdown and replacement interval.kgWater steel alternativesProtects electrically connected submerged steel. It does not protect steel while dry above the water.
Corrosion & durabilityConcrete in marine exposureLow-permeability structural concrete and controlled coverAA: C40/50; water/binder ratio <=0.40 as an initial mix brief; nominal cover 65 mm to outermost steel on splash-exposed cast-in-situ faces, 75 mm where cast against ground. Final cover by durability design.m3Water; exposed Beach workChloride ingress and cracks control reinforcement life; strength alone is insufficient.
Corrosion & durability
Corrosion & durabilityPersistently wet or inaccessible fixingsHigher-alloy stainless steelALTALT: Assess 2205, superduplex or 6Mo according to temperature, crevices and immersion; do not assume 316 is adequate.noWater; pool interfacesWarm seawater can cause pitting and crevice corrosion even in "marine-grade" stainless steel.
Corrosion & durabilityDissimilar-metal interfacesStructural isolation pads, sleeves and washersAA: Compatible EPDM/polyamide or engineered isolators; preserve required electrical bonds for CP.noAllLimits galvanic attack between stainless steel, aluminium and galvanized/carbon steel.
Corrosion & durabilityLight-gauge frame alternativeProprietary galvanized or metallic-coated cold-formed steelALTALT: Approximately 1.2-2.5 mm base-metal thickness as an enquiry range; supplier-certified coastal exposure system, protected cuts and compatible screws.tAllLight and fast, but thin sections have little corrosion reserve. Keep outside direct splash exposure.
Corrosion & durabilityPool external protectionSubmerged/splash-compatible protective systemAA: Select according to actual soffit immersion; coating type and DFT by supplier.m2Water; buried Beach pools as requiredPool interiors and salt-exposed exteriors experience different exposure conditions.
Corrosion & durabilityWalkway service supportsFRP or corrosion-resistant brackets and traysAA: Accessible supports, removable covers and movement allowances; service sizes unissued.mA12; A11 assumedKeeps services accessible without cutting primary beams.
Corrosion & durabilityBalustrade posts/rails316L stainless or engineered durable timberAA: Initial guard brief 1100 mm high, openings <=100 mm where applicable; final geometry and loads approved for location/use.mExposed edges across AllEdge protection requires structural anchorage and corrosion-resistant connections.
Corrosion & durabilityImmersed handrail portionsHigher-alloy stainless or suitable FRPALTALT: Grade selected for warm seawater and crevice conditions; 316 not automatically accepted.mA11 lagoon stepsImmersion is more demanding than an accessible atmospheric handrail.
3. DECK PLATFORM & FLOOR STRUCTURE
Deck platform & floor structurePrimary deck framingPrecast or cast-in-situ RC beamsAA: C40/50, tied to headstocks; beam sizes established from pile grid, pool loads and cantilevers.m3WaterStiff support with limited exposed metalwork; precasting reduces overwater shuttering.
Deck platform & floor structureSecondary open-deck framingGraded durable timber joists/bearersAA: Durability Class 1-2 heartwood or preservative-treated structural timber suited to exposure; indicative joists 50-75 × 150-225 mm, spacing to deck-board certification.m3WaterLow weight and replaceable components; protect end grain and avoid trapped water at bearings.
Deck platform & floor structureEnclosed suspended floorReinforced concrete slabAA: Budget envelope 225-250 mm, C40/50, subject to spans, cover and reinforcement fit; formed wet-area depressions.m3WaterProvides a stable base for wet rooms and brittle finishes; carries substantial self-weight.
Deck platform & floor structure
Deck platform & floor structureDry-floor alternativeStructural plywood on engineered joists, with compatible tile backer where neededALTALT: Approximately 22-25 mm exterior-bond structural plywood plus certified backer system; wet-room build-up separately engineered.m2WaterReduces pile loads. Ordinary fibre-cement lining board is not automatically a spanning structural floor.
Deck platform & floor structureSlab and beam formworkReusable shutters, plywood and engineered falseworkAA: Typically 18-21 mm shutter plywood on designed bearers; falsework supported from completed structure or designed temporary supports.m2WaterAvoids uncontrolled props bearing on lagoon sand and permits controlled concrete placement.
Deck platform & floor structureFloor diaphragms and lateral restraintRC ties, timber shear panels or steel bracingAA: Complete lateral system selected with the frame; include collectors, hold-downs and pile-head restraint.tWaterRoof wind and deck wave forces need a continuous route into the foundations.
Deck platform & floor structureMovement jointsJoint profiles, seals and bearing interfacesAA: At villa/walkway interfaces and other designed movement locations; sizes unresolved.mWaterAllows differential movement without cracking the villa floor or waterproofing.
Deck platform & floor structureFormwork facesFilm-faced plywood or reusable steel/FRP shuttersAA: Typically 18-21 mm plywood, with designed supports and sealed joints.m2All cast-in-situ RCPrevents grout loss and honeycombing, particularly at splash-exposed faces.
Deck platform & floor structureRoof diaphragm/substrateExterior-bond structural plywoodAA: Approximately 18-21 mm, where required by roofing/bracing system.m2AllSupports membranes/shingles and distributes wind forces; protect during construction.
Deck platform & floor structure
4. SUPERSTRUCTURE FRAME
Superstructure frameWater-villa postsGraded structural hardwood or exterior-service engineered timberAA: Indicative solid posts 150-200 mm square; grade, wet-service strength and connection design confirmed by engineer.m3WaterReduces dead load and facilitates prefabrication; isolate timber from wet concrete.
Superstructure frameWater-villa beam frameStructural timber/glulamAA: Certified exterior-service product; beam sizes unresolved; roof and wall bracing included.m3WaterFast dry assembly with less exposed steel, provided joints drain and remain inspectable.
Superstructure framePost/beam alternativeHot-rolled steel frameALTALT: S355 sections, shop fabricated and trial assembled; corrosion system as above.tWater; Beach if selectedEfficient for open glazing, long spans and irregular roofs; protect concealed joints before enclosure.
Superstructure frameLightweight wall structureTimber studs and structural sheathingAA: Indicative 45-50 × 90-140 mm studs; exterior structural sheathing and drained weather barrier.m2WaterLow transport weight and reduced pile demand; sheathing/bracing must provide the designed wind resistance.
Superstructure framePrivacy-screen supportTimber, protected steel or aluminium frameDD: A11 WPC privacy screen. A: Supporting frame, foundations and anchors designed for wind.tA11A privacy screen can attract substantial wind load; WPC boards are not the primary structure.
Superstructure frameStructural anchorsCast-in anchor rods or approved post-installed anchorsAA: Cast-in preferred where coordinated; stainless grade/protection by exposure. Resin anchors approved for cracked concrete and actual wet/submerged installation conditions.noAll"Marine epoxy" alone does not establish anchor capacity or suitability for wet holes.
5. MASONRY & WALLS
Masonry & walls
Masonry & wallsOpening supportsEngineered lintels, bucks and cast-in fixing platesAA: Match chosen wall/frame system; dimensions and quantities await door/window schedule.noAllProvides reliable anchorage for large glazing and avoids drilling structural members later.
Masonry & wallsWall damp-proof courseProprietary DPC membraneAA: Full wall width; normally at least 150 mm above adjoining external finished ground, subject to thresholds and flood design.mBeachInterrupts capillary moisture; avoid bridging with external paving or render.
Masonry & wallsExternal masonryConcrete blocksAA: 150-200 mm thick; initial non-loadbearing unit strength brief >=7.5 MPa, with test method declared.m2BeachRobust backing, but sand and blocks must have controlled soluble salts.
Masonry & wallsInternal masonryConcrete blocksAA: Typically 100 mm thick, non-loadbearing unless specifically designed otherwise.m2BeachStraightforward partition construction without unnecessarily increasing wall weight.
Masonry & wallsMasonry mortarFactory dry mortar or controlled site mixAA: Initially M5, adjusted for block type; fresh water and clean tested sand.m3Beach; Water wet coresReduces variable strength and salt-related deterioration.
Masonry & wallsLintels, bond beams and reinforced jambsRC, reinforcement and grouted masonry cellsAA: C40/50 RC where exposed; block grout and reinforcement by opening/wind design.m3Beach; Water masonryRestrains panels and supports openings under coastal wind.
Masonry & wallsTermite barrierCertified physical barrier and penetration collarsAA: Compatible stainless mesh or proprietary physical system; timber treatment selected separately.m2BeachProtects timber interfaces without assuming unrestricted chemical treatment near the lagoon.
6. BEACH VILLA GROUND WORKS
Beach villa ground worksFormation improvementApproved clean granular fillAA: Selected imported or legally sourced material, placed in approximately 150-200 mm compacted layers; acceptance criteria from geotechnical design.m3BeachControls settlement in variable sand/fill; FFL +450 does not establish fill thickness.
Beach villa ground worksSeparation layerGeotextileAA: Approximately 200-300 g/m² as an enquiry allowance, with filtration/puncture properties selected for actual formation.m2BeachPrevents unsuitable formation material mixing into the structural fill.
Beach villa ground worksBlindingLean concreteAA: 50-75 mm, approximately C12/15.m3BeachProvides clean reinforcement support and protects the membrane from coral fragments.
Beach villa ground works
Beach villa ground worksRaft alternativeReinforced concrete raft with local thickeningsALTALT: Initial enquiry envelope 250-350 mm slab, with deeper bands/pedestals as designed.m3BeachSpreads load where differential settlement makes isolated footings less attractive.
Beach villa ground worksPlinth/ground beamsReinforced concreteAA: Indicative 200-300 mm wide × 300-500 mm deep, subject to design.m3BeachTies foundations and carries masonry clear of damp sand.
Beach villa ground worksColumnsReinforced concreteAA: Indicative 250-300 mm square, C40/50 initial durability brief; actual section and reinforcement unresolved.m3BeachLocally familiar construction, robust for masonry and roof anchorage.
Beach villa ground worksGround-bearing floor slabReinforced concreteAA: 125-150 mm enquiry allowance on verified compacted support; thickening beneath partitions/heavy loads as designed.m3BeachEconomical where support is stable; slab thickness is separate from finishes/screed.
Beach villa ground worksUnderfloor moisture barrierHeavy-duty polyethylene DPMAA: Approximately 300 um, sealed laps and penetrations, linked to wall DPC.m2BeachLimits ground moisture and salt migration into finishes.
Beach villa ground worksRoof primary structureStructural timber trusses, rafters and ridge beamsAA: Graded durable hardwood or exterior-service engineered timber; preliminary rafters 50-75 × 150-225 mm for supplier enquiries only.m3AllLight, readily prefabricated and suitable for exposed architectural rafters.
Beach villa ground worksRoof structure alternativeProtected hot-rolled steel trusses/raftersALTALT: S355, shop fabricated; duplex protection where practical; sealed or deliberately drained hollow sections.tAllEfficient for larger spans, with corrosion-sensitive joints treated before enclosure.
7. RC CONSTITUENT MATERIALS
RC constituent materialsBeams and roof ring beamsReinforced concreteAA: Engineered sections; continuous roof hold-down anchor provision. The drawing's "roof beam" label does not itself confirm RC.m3BeachProvides restraint to masonry and a dependable wind-uplift load path.
RC constituent materialsStructural concrete binderCement plus supplementary cementitious materialAA: Approved blended binder; initial marine trial mix approximately 380-420 kg/m³ total binder, with 40-60% GGBS considered where available and validated.tAll RCReduced permeability can improve chloride resistance; binder supply must remain consistent.
RC constituent materialsCoarse aggregateImported crushed stoneAA: Clean, graded 10/20 mm fractions; chloride, sulfate, absorption and reactivity testing.tAll RCCoral rubble and untested lagoon aggregate are unsuitable default substitutions.
RC constituent materialsFine aggregateManufactured or washed natural sandAA: Graded approximately 0-4 mm, controlled fines and soluble salts.tAll RC/mortar"Washed" alone does not establish chloride compliance.
RC constituent materialsMixing and curing waterTested fresh/desalinated waterAA: Suitable for concrete production and curing; control total chloride contribution.m3All RCSeawater introduces chlorides directly into reinforced concrete.
RC constituent materialsConcrete admixtureChloride-free superplasticizerAA: Trial-mix dosage, declared in kg/m³; compatible with binder and pumping conditions.kgAll RCAchieves workability at low water/binder ratio without adding water on site.
RC constituent materialsReinforcing barsB500B deformed steelAA: Typical purchasing diameters 10-25 mm, links 8-12 mm; final quantities exclusively from bar schedules.tAll RCCertified ductility, traceability and clean storage matter more than a generic "high-yield" description.
RC constituent materialsReinforcement accessoriesTie wire, chairs and approved cover spacersAA: Durable spacers matching required cover; no porous block fragments or exposed steel chairs at the face.kgAll RCPoor spacers create direct routes for chloride ingress and local corrosion.
RC constituent materialsReinforcement connectionsMechanical couplers and starter assembliesAA: Certified full-strength systems where designed; protect exposed threads during shipment/storage.noAll RCUseful at congested marine joints and staged precast connections.
RC constituent materials
RC constituent materialsEmbedded builders' workSleeves, puddle flanges, cast-in channels and platesAA: Coordinated opening schedule before each pour; material selected by exposure.noAllPrevents later coring through reinforcement or improvised leaking penetrations.
RC constituent materialsPool shellWater-retaining reinforced concreteAA: C40/50; preliminary 250-300 mm base, 200-250 mm walls, subject to support spacing and crack-control design.m3All poolsMust resist internal water and external marine/groundwater actions with controlled cracking.
RC constituent materialsPool construction jointsPVC/TPE waterstops and compatible joint systemsAA: Initially 200-250 mm waterstop width; hydrophilic strips only where approved for the joint and exposure.mAll poolsControls leakage through staged pours; sea exposure and movement must suit the product.
RC constituent materialsPool internal tankingPool-rated flexible waterproofingAA: Example: two-component cementitious system at approximately 2 mm cured thickness, with corner tapes and penetration details.m2All poolsProvides a continuous water barrier compatible with the selected pool finish and chemicals.
RC constituent materialsOverflow/balance tank shellWater-retaining RCALTALT: Only if overflow hydraulics require it; size and location unissued.m3All pools, conditionalA hidden tank can add substantial structural load and waterproofing scope.
RC constituent materialsRC water slidesRC chute, edge upstands and supporting structureDD: Two RC slides. A: C40/50, reinforcement and geometry by specialist structural design; no thickness assumed.m3A11Curved geometry, concentrated supports, wave exposure and user loads prevent use of a generic slab allowance.
RC constituent materialsBuried tankingProtected sheet or liquid waterproofing systemAA: Selected for actual groundwater pressure; protection board and joint continuity included.m2Beach, where requiredDamp-proofing alone is insufficient where external hydrostatic pressure exists.
8. ROOF STRUCTURE & COVERING
Roof structure & coveringSecondary roof framingTimber battens or protected steel purlinsAA: Timber enquiry sizes 38 × 50 to 50 × 75 mm; spacing and section depend on covering and wind design.mAllRoof-sheet and thatch fixings need positive support and uplift resistance.
Roof structure & coveringRoof weather layerHigh-temperature roofing underlay and flashing tapesAA: UV exposure period, temperature rating and lap system matched to covering.m2AllProvides continuity beneath joints and wind-driven rain exposure.
Roof structure & covering
Roof structure & coveringCovering option R1Marine-suitable aluminium roofingALTALT: Approximately 0.9-1.2 mm, proprietary standing-seam/profile system, compatible coating, clips and coastal warranty.m2AllLow weight and good corrosion potential when dissimilar metals and crevices are controlled.
Roof structure & coveringCovering option R2Coated steel roofingALTALT: Approximately 0.55-0.60 mm base-metal thickness; product specifically accepted for the site's distance/exposure to breaking surf.m2AllEconomical and familiar, but ordinary coated steel warranties may exclude severe marine locations.
Roof structure & coveringCovering option R3Synthetic thatchALTALT: UV-stabilized proprietary panels; require complete assembly fire, wind and weather performance evidence.m2AllRetains the resort appearance with less organic decay; "fire-retardant" is not a complete fire classification.
Roof structure & coveringCovering option R4Natural palm/kajan thatchALTALT: Properly detailed layered system; approximately 45° pitch as an initial discussion point, subject to specialist design.m2AllTraditional appearance, with greater replacement, biological deterioration and fire-management implications.
Roof structure & coveringCovering option R5Timber shingles or slateALTALT: Species/grade or slate thickness and fixing system selected by architect; include actual dead load in roof design.m2AllEstablished resort options; slate materially increases framing and foundation loads.
Roof structure & covering
Roof structure & coveringRoof anchorageStraps, hurricane ties, bolts and cast-in anchorsAA: Continuous uplift connection from covering to foundations; stainless/protected steel selected by exposure.noAllLight roofs require dependable uplift restraint at every connection.
9. POOLS, SLIDE, STEPS & WALKWAY
Pools, slide, steps & walkwayPrecast pool alternativeFactory/site-precast RC shell unitsALTALT: Engineered watertight joints, lifting points and support bearings; unit dimensions limited by verified lifting capacity.noWaterReduces casting over the lagoon but introduces critical structural and waterproof joints.
Pools, slide, steps & walkwayWalkway beams/joistsDurable structural timberAA: Graded species and sections; protected steel alternative priced separately.m3A12; A11 assumedModular dry erection and local replacement suit remote-island maintenance.
Pools, slide, steps & walkwayWalkway walking surfaceStructural timber boards, certified WPC or FRP panelsAA: Typically 25-35 mm timber boards, or supplier-certified panel system; coordinate with existing finishes BOQ.m2A12; A11 assumedSurface system determines joist spacing, drainage gaps and fixing details.
Pools, slide, steps & walkwayLagoon stepsRC or engineered marine stair structureDD: Two A11 stairways. A: RC C40/50 or a separately priced timber/FRP alternative; profile and foundations unresolved.noA11Repeated immersion, waves and slippery biological growth affect material selection.
Pools, slide, steps & walkwayBeach access stepsRC steps and landingsAA: C40/50 where exposed; geometry from external-level coordination.m3BeachDurable support at wet, salt-contaminated thresholds.
10. OTHER
OtherLagoon shallow-footing alternativePrecast RC pad with RC stiltALTALT: Precast footing placed on prepared formation; RC pier extended above water, sometimes using permanent tubular formwork. Dimensions unestablished.noWaterEstablished Maldives practice, but relies on verified shallow bearing, sliding, overturning and scour resistance. It is not a deep pile.
OtherAtmospheric steel alternativeBlast-cleaned zinc-rich epoxy, high-build epoxy and PUALTALT: Example enquiry system: 75 um primer + 2 × 125 um epoxy + 60 um PU = 385 um DFT, subject to supplier qualification.m2All where steel selectedPractical for large members that cannot be galvanized; damage must be repaired before erection.
Other
Other
OtherAir/vapour controlMembrane and sealed junction tapesAA: Position selected through hot-humid, air-conditioned roof assessment; do not automatically copy a cold-climate internal vapour barrier.m2AllControls humid air entering and condensing within cooled roof assemblies.
OtherWet-room/deck tankingFlexible membrane, corner tapes and outlet flangesAA: Proprietary system; typically 1.5-2 mm cured liquid membrane, or an approved sheet system.m2All wet rooms; solid external decksAccommodates substrate movement and prevents salt/moisture damage at interfaces.
OtherPenetration sealsCast-in puddle flanges, flexible seals and sleevesAA: Pool/wet-area approved system; dimensions await coordinated services drawings.noAllAvoids leakage and corrosion around later service penetrations.
OtherStructural fastenersBolts, screws, washers and bracketsAA: Certified grades; compatible with timber preservative and connected metal; complete washer/isolation assemblies.noAllSmall concealed connectors frequently govern marine durability.
OtherTemporary marine protectionSilt curtains, debris-catching platforms and contained washout materialsAA: Configuration set by approved method/EMP; curtains suited to currents rather than a generic depth.m2Water; Beach coastal worksThese materials must be available before piling, drilling and concrete works begin.
THIS IS A DESIGN-INTENT ENQUIRY SCHEDULE, NOT A STRUCTURAL BILL OF QUANTITIES. No structural drawings were issued with the KV2 package - no foundation or pile layout, no framing plans, no sections, no bar schedules. Every specification below is either read off the architectural drawings or is normal Maldives marine practice researched for this project. Quantities are deliberately blank: they cannot be established from room areas. Use this to obtain budget rates and lead times, and to define what the structural package must resolve.
STATUS KEY D = confirmed by the drawing information issued. A = assumed design intent or preliminary specification, absent from the package. ALT = a priced alternative to the item above it, not an addition.
TERRABUILD GLOBAL | sales@terrabuildglobal.com | terrabuildglobal.comWhatsApp / WeChat +86 188 2649 1416 | TBG-KV2-STR-001 Rev 01
Room D076, Shop 101, No. 14, Longdong Trade Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China | Registered in the People's Republic of China
HOW THIS SCHEDULE WAS BUILT
THE PROBLEM
The KV2 package is 100 sheets of interior-design drawings - floor plans, finish plans, reflected ceiling plans, furniture schedules and 1:25 interior elevations. It contains no structural drawings at all. There is no foundation layout, no pile schedule, no framing plan, no section issued as PDF, and no bar bending schedule. The roof material is not named anywhere in the set.
So a conventional structural take-off is impossible. What IS possible, and what this schedule does, is to establish the design intent from the levels and notes that ARE on the drawings, combine it with documented Maldives marine construction practice, and set out every material the contractor will have to buy - so that budget rates and lead times can be obtained now, and so the gaps in the structural package are explicit.
WHAT THE DRAWINGS DO ESTABLISH
Beach villas A09, A10FFL +450. Top of roof beam +3600. Ground-supported.
Water villa A11FFL 0.00. Mean sea level -2100. High tide -1500. Top of lower roof beam +3093, top of roof beam +4639. DWG text 'POSTS / COLUMNS'. Two RC water slides, two stairs to lagoon, WPC privacy screen.
Water villa A12FFL 0.00. Mean sea level -2100. High tide -1500. Top of roof beam +3000, roof apex +4250. DWG text 'SHOW RAFTER'. Overwater walkway to villa.
ClearancesA water villa deck sits 2.10 m above mean sea level and 1.50 m above high tide. Seabed depth, structural soffit clearance and storm-wave clearance are all unknown.
Confirmed materialsRC is confirmed for the water slides. WPC is confirmed for the privacy screen. Nothing else about the structure is confirmed by the issued drawings.
RESEARCH - HOW MALDIVES WATER VILLAS ARE ACTUALLY BUILT
FoundationsPrecast prestressed high-strength spun concrete piles (PHC) are the mainstream system for contemporary Maldives water villas. Maldivian contractor LFPS records 250, 300 and 400 mm spun piles supplied in 6, 9 and 12 m lengths for water villas, walkways and service jetties at Crossroads. The Aarah Resort water-villa project used over 1,200 mini-piles at 300 mm diameter in 6 m and 9 m lengths, driven to a maximum 3 m below the seabed in shallow water. Driven steel tube is an established alternative; screw piles are a specialist option.
Why PHC over steelThe splash zone is the most corrosive part of any marine structure. In PHC the prestressing steel is encased in dense, low-permeability spun concrete (C60-C80, centrifugally cast), so it needs no coating maintenance and no cathodic protection for the life of the resort. A driven steel tube in the same zone needs epoxy or glass-flake coatings, a corrosion allowance on wall thickness, and sacrificial anodes - all of which must then be inspected and renewed over water.
Superstructure
The masonry trade-off
Corrosion class
Steel protection
Fixings
Concrete durabilityC40/50 with water/binder ratio at or below 0.40, nominal cover 65 mm to splash-exposed cast-in-situ faces and 75 mm cast against ground. Note C40/50 means 40 MPa cylinder / 50 MPa cube - a supplier quoting M40 is not automatically offering the same thing. Aggregate must be imported and tested; coral rubble and untested lagoon sand are not acceptable substitutes. Mixing and curing water must be fresh or desalinated, because seawater puts chlorides directly into the reinforcement.
Roof
WHAT THIS SCHEDULE CANNOT TELL YOU
Pile length, penetration and rock socket. There is no defensible figure without boreholes and a trial installation at Kuda Villingili. For budget sensitivity only, compare 3 m, 6 m and 9 m penetration below the surveyed seabed, and price preboring and rock sockets separately. Where limestone caprock overlies sand, refusal on a thin hard crust does not prove dependable bearing - core through it and investigate below.
Structural quantities. Room areas do not establish slab area, wall footprints, pool openings, cantilevers or member sizes. The difference between beach FFL +450 and roof beam +3600 is 3150 mm - that is a level difference, not a column length and not a clear wall height.
A09 area conflict. The A09 bedroom (20.52 m2) and bathroom (13.83 m2) already total 34.35 m2, which is the stated internal area - yet an MEP room is also shown on the plan. Resolve whether it is additional before any footprint is set.
A10 deck and pool. 38.20 m2 is labelled 'deck / pool area'. Separate boundaries are needed - one number cannot serve as both quantities.
Roof covering. Not specified anywhere in 100 sheets. This changes both the roof package and the frame loads beneath it.
SOURCES
- LFPS (Lanka Foundation and Piling Services) project records - spun pile sizes and lengths, Crossroads Maldives.
- ELS International - piling and construction services, Maldives.
- Aarah Resort piling case study (ComNav / XCMG / LFPS) - 1,200+ mini-piles, 300 mm diameter, 6 m and 9 m lengths, max 3 m below seabed.
- Alia Construction project description, SAii Lagoon Maldives - concrete piers, timber/concrete overwater structures, timber walls and roofs; beach buildings on concrete frames and strip foundations.
- Avani Fares Maldives Resort construction method statement - 300 mm spun piles as column footings for overwater villas; hollow block walls and timber roofing for land and water villas.
- ISO 12944 (corrosivity categories), ISO 1461 (hot-dip galvanizing), EN 1993-5 and ArcelorMittal corrosion tables, DNV-RP-B401 (cathodic protection design).
- Synthetic thatch technical data - ASTM E108 Class A, ASTM D3161 wind, ISO 4892-3 UV; OneThatch, NIPA Thatch, Dirix (Maldives), Matts Corner (Maldives).
TERRABUILD GLOBAL | sales@terrabuildglobal.com | terrabuildglobal.comWhatsApp / WeChat +86 188 2649 1416 | TBG-KV2-STR-001 Rev 01
Room D076, Shop 101, No. 14, Longdong Trade Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China | Registered in the People's Republic of China